Ben Salem and colleagues reconstruct green infrastructure as a historical component of the Medina rather than an external sustainability technology. Through Tunis and Marrakesh, they trace vegetal systems from medieval Islamic urbanism through colonial planning to contemporary metropolitan pressure. Gardens, palms, orchards, courtyards, street names and water systems form a cultural-ecological vocabulary embedded within dense urban morphology. The iconic contribution is the concept of green heritage: ecological infrastructure carries tangible and intangible historical values while also affecting current livability and urban climate. Methodologically, historical analysis is combined with spatial mapping and design-oriented evaluation. The bridge to architecture is unusually strong because the paper asks how nature-based solutions can be introduced without erasing inherited spatial structure. In Tunis, where green networks around the Medina remain disconnected, contemporary greening becomes a problem of morphological translation rather than generic addition.
