Hölscher and colleagues move co-production from the temporary workshop into the institutional architecture of the city. Through Genk, Glasgow and Poznań, the paper asks what capacities municipal actors need to make collaborative production of nature-based solutions durable. The answer is not simply more participation. Co-production requires spaces, skills, legitimacy, resources, partnerships, place-specific methods and institutional relations capable of linking experimental processes to formal governance. The paper identifies tensions between the open-ended, diffuse character of collaboration and the procedural rigidity of municipal administration. Its conceptual contribution is to treat co-production as an organisational capacity rather than an event. This bridges transition studies, collaborative governance and urban ecology. Nature-based solutions become a test of whether institutions can absorb heterogeneous knowledge without neutralising it, making urban greening a question of administrative form as much as ecological design.
