UNESCO (2019) Recommendation on Open Educational Resources (OER). Paris: UNESCO, adopted by the General Conference at its 40th session, November 2019.


The Recommendation treats educational resources not as inert teaching matter but as a public infrastructure whose value depends on the capacity to create, access, reuse, adapt and redistribute knowledge. Its decisive contribution is to move openness beyond free access: OER becomes a policy framework joining licensing, quality, inclusion, equity, institutional capacity and sustainable models of production. The pedagogical operation is therefore distributive and transformative at once. Materials are expected to travel across contexts, yet their travel remains meaningful only when educators retain the capacity to select, modify and situate them. This emphasis makes openness inseparable from professional autonomy and context-specific teaching. The Recommendation also connects educational design to broader knowledge societies, multilingualism and international cooperation, locating learning resources within rights to education, information and cultural participation. Its wider significance lies in treating educational media as common infrastructure: knowledge is made durable not merely by publication, but by the legal, technical and institutional conditions that allow it to be repeatedly interpreted and remade.